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Recent studies in clinical and healthy populations have revealed marked, rapid, and lasting (therapeutic) effects from just one/two psychedelic dosing sessions, which include improvements in well-being ( 22). Classic psychedelic drugs 2 such as LSD, DMT (dimethyltryptamine), and psilocybin (4-phosphoryloxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine), are (non-selective) serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2AR) agonist drugs with potent perception and consciousness-altering properties ( 20, 21). One such novel intervention is psychedelic (“mind-manifesting”) therapy, i.e., supervised psychedelic drug experiences bookended by psychological support ( 16– 19). However, current interventions have various limitations and thus new safe, affordable and effective ones are needed ( 15). It is suggested that, besides alleviating symptoms in clinical populations, initiatives and interventions for people that are already “well” could serve to further promote wellness and mitigate risk of mental illness ( 13). Various interventions aiming to promote and protect mental health are currently available, ranging from pharmacotherapy and various psychotherapies, to mindfulness and life skills training ( 6, 12– 14). Consistent with this view, the World Health Organization (WHO) highlights the need for a comprehensive perspective on mental health and implementation of proactive and preventative strategies ( 10). The limitations of the default psychiatric strategy of reactively intervening post-diagnosis are increasingly recognised, this approach being unlikely to provide a solution to current and future individual and population-level mental health problems ( 11). Efforts to promote and maintain well-being should therefore be considered a priority area for policy makers and healthcare systems ( 4, 5), and indeed well-being has received increasing interest over the past decades, with efforts to recognise, improve and protect it ( 2, 4, 6– 10). Mental health problems are currently among the leading causes of disability worldwide, with substantial personal, social, and economic costs attached ( 4). There is a reliable inverse relationship between mental well-being and mental illness ( 2) and evidence suggests that this relationship is continuous rather than discrete ( 3, 4). Mental well-being 1 is a broad construct that includes both positive mood and good general functioning ( 1). Public policy implications are discussed. These findings suggest that psychedelics can have a broad, robust and sustained positive impact on mental well-being in those that have a prior intention to use a psychedelic compound.
Post-hoc examination suggested that attrition was not due to differential acute experiences or mental-health changes in those who dropped out vs. Additional Mixed model analyses revealed selective increases in Being Well and Staying Well (but not Spirituality) that remained statistically significant up to 2 years post-experience, albeit with high attrition rates. Change on the included measures was found to cluster into three factors which we labelled: 1) “Being well”, 2) “Staying well,” and 3) “Spirituality.” Repeated Measures Multivariate Analysis of Variance revealed all but the spirituality factor to be improved in the weeks following the psychedelic experience. Four key time points were analysed: 1 week before and 2 weeks, 4 weeks, and 2 years after the experience ( N = 654, N = 315, N = 212, and N = 64, respectively). Survey data was collected from volunteers that intended to take a psychedelic. This change was then analysed to examine clusters of measures changing together. In this naturalistic observational study, a comprehensive approach was taken to assessing well-being before and after a taking a psychedelic compound to induce a “psychedelic experience.” Fourteen measures of well-being related constructs were included in order to examine the breadth and specificity of change in well-being. Mental well-being has large socioeconomic relevance, but it is a complex, multifaceted construct.
In the general population as well as across various psychiatric populations, mental well-being has been found to significantly improve after a psychedelic experience. In the last 15 years, psychedelic substances, such as LSD and psilocybin, have regained legitimacy in clinical research.
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